Pump and pumping system.



B. S. AIKMAN.

PUMP AND PUMPING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED SH12?, 1915.

Patented Jan. 15, 15H8.,

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1I B. S. AlKNIAN.

PUMP AND PUMMNG SYSTEM;

APPLICATlON FILED SEPT.27. 1315.

Patented Jan. 15, 1918.

B. S. AIKMAN.

PUMP AND PUNIPING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION man sEPT.27.1915.

Patented J 311.115, v19'18.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

psranp sas ramen @prima BURTON SJ IKMAN, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN,ASSIGNOR TO NATIONAL BRAKE lt ELECTRIC COMPANY, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN,A CORPORATION OF WISCONSIN.

PUMPv AND rui/irme susanna.

tenesse.

To all 'whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that I, BURTON S. AIKMAN, a citizen of the United States,residing in the county of Milwaukee and State of Wis consin, haveinvented a certain new and useful Improvement in Pumps and PumpingSystems, of which the following is a full,`

vthe intervention of a storage or reserve tank,

and which will be under faucet control, by which I mean that the iiow ofwater is controlled by the acts oi' opening and closing the faucetswhich form the supply outlets ot' the system. l l

To supply water fresh from the well and to maintain the flow of Waterunder faucet` control is a matter of prior art. The appa ratus andsystems heretofore known and used were, however', subject to inherentdifiicultics, due to the fact that their mode of operation requiredcomplexities such as al-l ternately-operating chambers, valves operatedby marginal diierencesin pressure or by time-element devices, and to thefact that the pneumatic control employed led to frequent inisoperationssuch as are commonl y called blow-overs where the system becomes clearedol water and the compressed air, employed as an operating medium, iswasted.

According to my invention, there is pro- 'vided a single water-chamberalternately subject to au' pressure and relleved there `from, thealternations being secured by the actuati'ons of valve mechanisms which,in turn, are directly and mechanically dependent upon the rise and fallof the water in the chamber. -l't will be understood that the system isconstantly under pressure and it is therefore a further object of myinvention to provide an' apparatus which will be as free from leaks aspossible, which operates with a'minimum consumption of air and whichoperates reliably and positively. The

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented dan. 155, 19153.

Application led September`27, 1915. Serial No.'52,08.

last-mentioned characteristic is due to the direct relation of the valvemechanism to the water levels, whereby the movement of the valve isdependent upon the physical change which requires such movement, and Iprovide means for causing sudden actua tions of the valve mechanismnotwithstanding the fact that the rise and fall of the Water in thechamber is comparatively gradual.

My invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which-Figure 1 is a more or less diagrammatic view illustrating the system asa Whole;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the pump;

Fig. 3 is a vertical axial sectional view taken on the plane of the line3, 3 or' Fig. 2 and looking in the direction indicated by the arrows;

Fig. 1 is a vertical, axial sectional view taken on the plane of theline 4, L1 or Fig. 2 and looking in the direction indicated by thearrows; and

' F ig. 5 is a sectional View taken on the plane of the line 5, 5, ofFig. 3 and-looking in the direction indicated by the arrows.

Ret'crringrst to 1, which, as before stated, is diagrammatic, it willlbe seen that the well curbing is illustrated at 8, the water-levelbeing' indicated at 9. The pump structure, which I have indicated lx bythe reference character 1U, is disp the well at a suitable distancebelo" water-level therein, as :ill be described. rihe pump structure haslI ing therefrom three pipes, an ail-pressure'. pipe 11, an efsiia pipe12, anda water-discharge pipe 113. "if air-pressure pipe 11 connectedwith a com pressed-air tank 14, in which airis coin-- pressed by meansof a compressor 15', operated, for instance, by an electric motor 1G.

It will be clear to those skilled in the art that the compressor 15 maybe operated by any suitable means, such as a gas-enginc or steanrengine,and if desired means :muy i provided for automatically starting' andstopping the prime' mover dependent upon the fall and rise of pressurein the tanl: la. `In the pipe 11 the cut-off valve 11, air strainer 11",reducing valve 11, gage lid, 1t and drain cock 11" are provided. Y

The water-discharge,pipe 1E". leads tc rarious branch-pipes 17 and 18,each of w lich in turn, leads to an outlet faucet 19. By means 'of apipe 20, the discharge pip. 13

titi

is connected with a chamber 21, closed eX- cept for the entry pipe 20,for a purpose l which will'be pointed out presently.

, It will now be understood that this .system represents an isolatedplant for instal lation in a residence, for instance. Thewater-discharge pipe, leadsv trom the `well, conveniently near by, tothe distribution pipe in the building, and the compressor,

motor, compressedair tanlr and chamber are suitably housed' inanyconvenient way.

'As'before'pointed out, pressure is constantl maintained upon thesystem. Itis there ore necessary to maintain a certain pressure betweenpredetermined minimum Fand maximum limits in the compressed-air tank'14, this being done lby the proper start- VAing and stopping of thecompressor 15,

, either. manually or automatically. It has [every two or three days,for a short time,

inforderto keep the pressure in the comy .pressed-air tank within thedesired limit.

It will appear as this description proceeds that, with the pressureproperly niaintalned upon the system, everything is at rest so long asall the outlet faucets of the system are closed, but as soon as one ofthem is opened the pumping mechanism will operate to maintain continuousthe flow which immediately commences. -When the faucet is again closedthe apparatus comes to rest and :it will appear that the. feed has beendirect from the well with the proper pressure to l distribute it -towhatever points desired.

I refer now to igs. 2 to' 5, inclusive, to

v, describe the pumping mechanism. A headmember 22 and a base-member 23,both of circular form, are joined by a cylindrical housing 24, whichforms a water-chamber 25. As illustrated in Fig. 4, the head-member 22and the base-member 23 are tied together by means of twopipes 26, 26,whichl thread into downward extensions from the head-member 22 and whichset 'n sockets27,

27 in the base-member 23. Screw-plugs 2 8,

28 'are inserted in the lower ends of the pipes 26, 26, thesescrew-plugs being adapted for the reception of capscrews 29, 29,

. l which, as shown, firmly hold the base-memberl 23 in place and clampthe housing 24 `between the base-member and the headi member to, form awatertight and airtight compartment. The base-member 23 is provided onits under sideivith a central extension 30, to which a nut 31 isscrew-threaded, a conical screen 32 being clamped between the nut 31'andthecxtension, as illustrated. The base-member 23' is provided with' twowater-inlet openings '33, 33, each fof ,nwhch is controlled by valift-valve y34,

' mounted to reciprocate in a bracket 35'on -the upper sidfeeot thebasemember 23, and rovided with a spring 36, tending to hold it inclosed position. 'The water which comes into the water-chamber by way ofthe openings 33, 33 is,` as will be described later, forced from thechamber by way of the openings 37, 37, in the lower ends of the pipes26, 26, the water passing upwardly through lthe pipes 26, 26, as will bedescribed. The head-member 22 is provided with the atmosphere orexhaustgpassageway 47, the compressed-air-inlet passageways 48 and 49,the primary water-chambers 50, 50, with which the pipes 26, 26 areconnected, and the secondary water-chamber 51. These passageways andchambers are isolated from each other, as will be described, theatmosphere or exhaust passageway being connected with the pipe 12, thecompressed-airin let passageway 48 being connected with the pipe 11, andthe secondary water-chamber 51 being connected with the dischargepipe13.

Referring now to the atmosphere-inlet or exhaust passageway 47, it willbe seen that it is so fashioned as to lead to the'axial.v opening 52 inthe head 2.2, a valve-seat 53 surrounding this opening. A lift-valve 54having a compressible face 55 coperates with the valve-seat 53 to openand close the' opening 52, the valve 54 being mounted upon a stem 56 forvertical movement. The stein 56 is provided with a 'shoulder 57, towhich I shall refer again later, and with an enlargement 58, whichridesin a sleeve 59 set axially in the head 22 and disposed con centricallyin the opening 52.. .A helical ico spring 60 is confined in the sleeve59, be-

tween the enlargement 58 and the face of the valve 54.

The two compressed-air-inlet passageways 48 and 49 are connected by aport 61, which has a valve-seat 62 surrounding the upper end thereof,this valve-seat coperating with a valve'63 having a eompressible face64. The valve 63 is nu' "ed or an auxiliary stem 56 which pas throughthe opening 61 and is arranged be engaged by the enlargement 58. "lvalve 63 is guided in a pocket 68, axif iii the top 'of the head 22,this pocket P plug 69. The valve i grooves 70 in order to on oppositesides of tb open position, a sprii. between the plug 69 an ingptomove/the valve do ,ce the pressure Je when it is in being disposed vardly.

j Secured to the under side of the head 22 is a .diaphragm-chamberstructure 72. This .structure provides a diaphragmechamber 73,

valve and tendvl'which is 'closed at the top by the diaphragm `7.4, thecentral part of this diaphragm being 'clamped between the two plates 75,7 5, which in turn are clamped between a shoul iso insegnate passageway81, cored in the diaphragmjohamber casing 72- and `in the head 22, and

the exhaust port 80 is connected with the atmosphere or exhaustpassageway 47 by means of the passageway 82, cored in thediaphragm-chamber casing and the head '22, as clearly illustrated inFig. 3.

The' valve mechanism which controls the two ports 79 and 80 will now bedescribed:

It-.will be seen that these two'- parts are coax1a1 and that they aretransversely oppo `site each other. Concentric with the axis of theseports, a tube 83 is suitably mounted and this tube has telescopingtherein another tube 84. The tube l83 is formed integral with a plug 85,screwed into the diaphragm-chamber casingand a spring 86 is disposedbetween a collar 87 on the inner tube 84 and the plug 85, this springthus tending to move the inner tube out ot' the outer tube. The innertube has its ends closed by means of the plugs 88and 89, and

' each of these plugs carriesa needle-valve,

the needle-Valve which controls the port ,79 being indicated by thereference character 90, and the valve which controls the port beingindicated by the reference character 91. is provided with a ,head 92,which head limits the outward mvement of the valve, a, spring 93 beingdisposed between the two heads, as shown in Fig. 3. ln order that thcport 79 may communicate properly-with the diaphragm-chamber 73, theports 94 are pro- 'vided in the tube 83.

Supported from the under side of the dia.- phragm-chamber'structure 72is a cylinder 95, closed except for the opening 96 at the top and theopen bottom. Toward the lower 'end of the cylinder 95 it is internallyprovided with a ring 97, .which provides a valve-seat 98 adapted to beengaged by theball fioat-\'alve 99. A. bracket 100 extends from thediaphragm'chamber structure 72 and a bell-crank lever 101 ispivotedthereto at 102. The upper arm of the bell-crank lever contacts with areciprocating pin 103 set inthe casing of the diaphragm-chamber andengagingthe inner tube 84. The lower arm of the bell-crank 'leverextends through the opening 96 into the cylinder' 95, and a Ywater-weight or float 104 is hung from this arm of. the bell-crank leverat the pivot 105. The lower end of this water-weight or float isprovided with a stem 1 06 extendlng downw Each of the valves, within.the tube 84,

wardly therefrom, this stem being guided in a sleeve 107 carried fromthe ring 9i' 'by means of the spider 108.

The water-chambers 50, 50 are provided with the outlet passageways 109,109, each oi which is controlled by a ehecltnvalve 11.0,

between which and a corresponding plug 1 111 a spring 112 is disposed.As will he described, the water is forced 'from the chambers 50, 50 intothe secondary water-chamber 51, passing these valves, and from thesecondary chamber 51 the water is forced on to the distribution system.

The operation of the device is as follows: Let it be assumed, byreference to Fig. 3, that the apparatus is now in such condition thatwater is being forced t'rom the chamber 25. The chamber has been partlyemptied and the inner tube 84'is in its righthand position. In thiscondition the com pressed air is transmitted down from the passageway 48through the passageway 81, port. 79 and ports 94 into thediaphragmchamber 73, and thus the diaphragm is held in its uppermostposition, the port 80being closed. With the diaphragm in its upperposition the `valve 54 is seated upon the valve-seat 53 to close oif theatmosphere to the water-chamber, and the valve (53 is lifted Jfrom itsseat 62 to admit compressed air down through the passageway G1,passageway 49 land into the water-chamber. Thus, assuming that the waterin the distribution systelnhas an outlet, theV compressed air forces thewater out of the water-chamber through the openings 37, 37, in the pipes26, 26, then upwardly through the pipes 2G, 26, then through the primarywater-chainbers 50, 50, past the valves 110, 110, and on to the system.

It will be understood, as this description the valve 91 is held closedunder the above' A l conditions by the action of the spring 86, thefloat or water-weight 104 being supported by the water within thecylinder 95 and thus exerting no iniiuence to overcome the tension ofthis spring. However, as the water is forced from the chamber 25, thelevel is gradually lowered to a point where the float or water-weight104 comes down. This movement is transmitted by the mechanism which hasbeendescribed to the tube 84 to move it toward the left against thetension of the spring 88. This action closes the port 79 and opens theport 80, thus exposing the diaphragm-chamber 73 tothe atmosphere. Thisunbalanced position, with pressure above the diaphragm and atmospherebelow it, results in an immediate re-Y versalof the valves 54 and 63. Inthe down-V entryof water, and, as the water rises in the chamber 25, theiioat-valve 99 is raised to its seat 98 to close off the cylinder 95above that point. Thus, although the water rises farther in thewater-chamber 25, it does not rise within the cylinder 95 beyond thevalve and there is no edect upon the water-weight or lioat until thewater in the chamber has reached the plane of the bottom ot' the opening96, after which it pours into the cylinder 95 quickly and raises thefloat or water-weight to release the pressure'against the spring 88.This allows the sprang to act to close the port 80 and open the port 79.

This action brings the pressure of the com' pressed air into thediaphragm-chamber 73 and raises the diaphragm.

It is pertinent here to point out several important features intheaction which have' been described. With the entry of water into thewatenchamber from the well there is a comparatively gradual rise of thelevel in the water-chamber, but there is no etect upon the float orwater-weight until that 90 and y the compressed air.

level has reached its maximum. Then, suddenly, after the desiredlevelhas been attained, the water-weight is actuated. It will be seen,also, that the relation of the valves 91 is such that when the shiftfrom one position to the other is made the compressed-air port is closedbefore the atmosphere-port 1s opened, and the atmosphereport is closedbeforethe compressed-air port is ppened, thus avoiding any chance of adirect connection between the compressedair port and the atmosphere,even foran instant. The same feature lies in the relative action of thevalves 54 and 63. Here, again, it will be noted that the arrangement issuch that the valve 63 is closed before .the valve 54 is opened, and thevalve 54 is closed before the valve 63 is opened, air pressuremaintaining the valve 54 closed immediately it is seated. When thereversal of the'valves .54 and 63 takes place, as has just beendescribed, the water-chamber 25 is again closed olf to the atmosphereand is made subject to Under these circumstances, reference to Fig. 1will show that waterwill also be forced into the air-chamber 21,confining an air-.cushion above the water-level formed there1n,asindicated in dotted lines. It will be clear that if all the outlets ofthe distribution system are closed-,- everything will be at rest since,although there is pressure on top of the water in lthe chamber 25, thereis no outlet for the water.

' stanti-ally those proportions, submerged 'about ten feet below vthelevel of the water in the well, a period of about 1.5 seconds isrequired for the filling operation. if the capacity of the discharge anddistribution pipes is great enough, this momentary cessation oi pressurewill be hardly perceptible at the faucets, particularly since theexpulsion period, assuming one or more faucets to be open for aconsiderable length ot time, consumes practically all the time. However,in orderthat the gap in the dow may be properly .filled in, l. providethe ainchamber 2l to which the pipe 20 delivers from the dischargepipe13, Obviously, when the unter in the discharge pipe 13 is underpressure, as it is practically all of -the time, a certain amount ofwater is forced up into the chamber 21. This action compresses the airinthe chamber and forms a cushionwhich is maintained so long as thepressure is not relieved. As soon as the pressure is relieved, however,by the cessation of the pressure in the pump, with a faucet open, theair is given opportunity to expandv and in doing so forces out the waterwhich has become trapped therein andprovides a How from the faucetduring ,the refilling period of the pump. This chamber '21 will, ofcourse, be distinguished from a storage tank, since all it does is teincrease the capacity of the system and provide means for a certainamount of'compression to be released for a very short period, about 1.5seconds, at a time. It will be understood that this water which is inthe chamber 21 is directlyv a part of the discharge system, beinglocated in effect directly between the well and the faucet, and isconstantly being changed and in this way a continuous iiow from thefaucetis insured. I have found by experi ment that the air in thechamber 2l is kept properly replenished by bubbles .of air which followthe expulsion of water from the water chamber 25 of the pump structureand that it is automatically relieved from an excess of air bytheopening of a faucet, this latter action being instantaneous andimperceptible to the openingof the faucet.

It will be seen that the upper and lower levels of the water in thechamber 25' positively determine the reversal of the valves. Theatmosphere condition is maintained until the upper level reaches thebottom of weight. In ythis way the reversal of the naaaeee valves ismechanicallyvdependent upon the' cc'exditions which require theirreversal, and i e is thus secured a positive and reliaoe operation notsubject to the defects pointed out in the early part of thisdescription.

lit will be seen that the reversal ot' the valves is sudden, as has beendescribed, and that the arrangement is such that at no time is thereeven a momentary connection between the compressed air and theatmosphere. lt will be clear that suction instead of full atmosphere maybe applied to the pipe 32 without departing from the spirit and scope ofmy invention.

l' have endeavored to embody the features of my invention in a simplestructure involving a minimum number of'parts of simple design, and someof the more limited of the appended claims are directed to these morespecific features.

1. ln a pump, a liquid chamber having inlet and outlet means, Vanexhaust passageway, a pressure-medium passageway, a pressure motor,valve mechanism operated by said pressure motor to control theconnection of said Achamber alternately with said passageways, and meanscontrolling` the connection or' pressure to and exhaust from saidpressure motor. l 4

In a pump, a liquid chamber having inlet and outlet means, an exhaustpassageway, a pressure medium passageway, a pressure motor, valvemechanism operated by said pressure motor to control the connection ofsaid chamber alternately with said l the rise and fall of liquid in saidchamber controlling the connection of pressure to and exhaust from saidpressure motor.

3, Ain a pump, a liquid chamber having inlet andoutlet means, an exhaustpassage* wav, pressure medium passageway, a pres sure motor, valvevmechanism operated by said pressure motor to control the connection osaid, chamber alternately with said pass g.,ways, means controlling1 theconnection or pressure to and exhaust from said pressure motor and levelcontrolled means mechanicallly connected with said controlling means,

4a ln a. pump, a liquid chamber having inlet and outlet means, anexhaust passagen rs ad,

way, .a pressure medium passageway, a presl sure motor, valve mechanismoperated'by said pressure motor to control the connesn tion of saidchamber with said passageways, means controlling the connection oipressure to and exhaust from said pressure motor, a water chamberhavingan inlet at the top and an outlet at the bottom, and a levelcontrolled device ln said vWater chamber mechanically connected withsaid controlling a passageways, and means operated by' 5. ln a pump, aliquid chamber having inlet and outlet means, a'n exhaust passageway, apressure medium passageway, a pres sure motor, valve mechanism operatedby said pressure motor to control the connection of said chamber withsaid passageways,

' means controlling the connection ot pressure to and exhaust from saidpressure motor, a water chamber within said liquid chamber having aninlet at the top and an outlet at the bottom, and a level controlleddevice in said water chamber mechanically connected with saidcontrolling means.

Ina pump, a liquid-chamber having inlet and outlet openings, anexhaust-passageway, a pressure medlu'm passageway, pressure-means havingone side arranged to b e exposed to the pressure medium and its othersido exposed to a motor chamber having two ports, one port anexhaust-port and the other a pressure medium port, valves operated bysaid pressure-means for closing said pressure medium port of said liquidchamber and open ing said exhaust-port of said liquid chamber, andviceversa, and valves for closing said pressure medium' port of saidmotor chamber and opening said exhaust port of said motor chamber, andvice versa, and means for operating said last-named valves.

, 7 Ina pump, a liquid-chamber having inlet and outlet openings, anexhaust passageway, a pressure medium passageway, pressure-means havingone side arranged to be exposed to the ressure medium and its other sideexposed) to a chamber having two ports, one port an exhaustport and theother a pressure medium port, valves operated by said pressure-means forclosing said pressure medium port of said liquid chamber and openingsaid exhaust-port of said liquid chamber, and vice versa, and valves'for closing said pressure medium port of said4 motor chamber andopening said exhaust port of said motor chamber, and vice versa, andiioat means for operating said lastaiained valves. 8.1m a pump, awater-chamber having inlet and outlet openings, an exhaustport for saidchamber, a compressed air port for said chamber, pressure-means havingone side exposed to the interior of said waterrhamber and its other sideexposed to a motor chamber having two ports, one port .an exhaustu portand the other a compressed-air port, valves operated by saidpressure-means for closing said compressedair port of said water chamberand opening said eshausa port of said water chamber, and vice versa, andvalves for closing said compressedair port of said motor chamber and.then opening said exhaust port of said motor chamber, and vice versa,and means for operating said last-named valves.

9. In a pump, a water-chamber having inlet and outlet openings, anexhaust-port for said chamber, a compressed-air port for said lll@chamber, pressure-means having one side .exposed to the interior of saidwater-chamber and its other side exposed to a motor chamber having twoports, one port an exhaustport and the other a compressed air port,valves operated by said pressure-means :for closing saidcompressed-airaport and opening said exhaust-port of said Water chambei'and vice versa, and valves forelosing lchamber and its other sideexposed to a motor chamber having two ports, one port an exhaust-portand the other a compressed-air port, valves operated bysaid'pressure-means for closing said compressed-air port and openingsaid exhaust-port of said water chamber, and -vice versa, and valves forclosing said compressed-air port and opening said exhaust port of saidmotor chamber and vice versa, a float forv operating said last namedvalves and a float-chamber for said float in said water-chamber, saidfloat-chamber having an inlet at the top andan outlet atthe bottom.

11. In a pump, a water-chamber having inlet and outlet openings, anexhaust-port for said chamber, a compressed-air port for.

said chamber, pressure-means having one side exposed to the interior ofsaid waterchamber and its other side exposed to a motor chamber havingtwo ports, one port an exhaust-port and the other a compressedair port,valves operated by said pressuremeans for closing said compressed-air'port and opening said exhaust-port of said Water chamber, and viceversa, and valves vfor ciosing said compressed-air port and opening saidexhaust port of said motor chamber and vice versa, a float for operatingsaid last-named valves. and afloat-chamber for said float in saidWater-chamber, said fioatchamber having an inlet at the 'top and anoutlet at the bottom, and a valve controlling said outlet.

12. In a pump, a water-chamber having inlet and outlet openings, anexhaust-port for said chamber, a compressed-air port for said chamber,pressure-means having one side exposedto the interior of saidwaterchamber and its other side exposed to a motor chamber having twoports, one port an exhaust-port and the other a compressedair port,valves operated by said pressuremeans for closing said compressedair-port -outlet at the bottomy and a ioat-valve conand opening 'saidexhaust port of said water chamber, and vice versa, and valves forclosin said compressed-air port and opening said exhaust port of saidmotor'ehamber, and vice versa, a float for operating said lastnamedvalves, and aV float-chamber for said float in said Water-chamber,saidtloatchamber having an inlet at the top andan trolling said'outlet.75

13. In a pump,'a water-chamber having inlet and outlet openings, anexhaust-port for said chamber, a compressed-air port for said` chamber,pressure-means having one side exposed to the interior of saidwater-chamber and its other side exposed to a motor chamber having twoports, one port an exhaust-port and the other a compressed-air port,valves operated by said pressure means for closing said compressed-airport and opening said exhaust-port of said water chamber, and viceversa, and valves for closing said compressed-air port' and opening saidexhaust port ofsaid motor chamber, and' vice versa, a float foroperating said last-named valvesand a float-chamber for said float insaid water-chamber, said ioatchamber having an inlet at the top and anoutlet at the bottom and a float-valve controlling said outlet, saidlast-named valves tending tio open the compressed-air port and close theatmosphere port and being reversed by the dropping of the iioat.

14. In a pump, a Water-chamber having inlet and outlet openings, anexhaust-port for said chamber, a compressed-air port for said chamber,pressure-means having one side exposed to the interior of saidAWaterchamber and its other side exposed to a motor chamber having twoports, one Vport an exhaust-port and the other a compressed-air port,valves operated by said pressure-means for closing ksaid compressed-airporty and opening said exhaustport of said water chamber, and viceversa, and valves for closing said compressed-air port and opening saidexhaust port of said motor chamber, and. vice versa. and means foroperating said last-named valves, said pressure-means operating to closethe first-'named exhaust-port 115 ies - and open the first namedcompressed air port when the last-named chamber is exposed to compressedair, and to reverse the action when said last-named chamber is exposedto the exhaust.

15. In a pump, a main liquid chamber having inlet and outlet means, anexhaust passageway, a pressure medium passageway, a pressure motor, mainpump valve mechanism operated by said pressure motor to controlconnection of the pump chamber alternately with said passageways, fluidpressure connections for operating the motor independently of the Huidpressure in the main chamber and means governed by rise and fall 0f lier for eonrolling the moor.

1G. In a. pun

inlet and outlet 1neans,van exhaust Way,

pressure mcdiu pressure motor, valve mechanism by said pressure motor tocontrol necton of said ways, and mea chamber with said ns directlymechani mesme quid 'in the main. chana liquid chamber having passagempassageway, a

operated the conpassagek cally related to the high level of th e'liquidin said 104 chamber controlling the connection of pressure to saidpressure motor,

and means directly mechanically related to the low level of the liquidin said chain the exhaust from said press ln Witness whereof, I her bercontrolling ure motor. culito subscribe

